Reference Pages

AWS

Service            
Athena Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
Batch Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
CloudFormation Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
CloudTrail Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
CloudWatch Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
* CloudWatch Actions         CDK  
Connect Docs Boto3   CLI CDK  
DirectConnect Docs Boto3 Moto      
DatabaseMigrationService Docs Boto3 Moto   CDK CF
DynamoDB Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
EBS (Elastic Block Store) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI    
EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
ECR (EC2 Container Registry) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
ECS (EC2 Container Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
EFS (Elastic File System) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
EMR (Elastic Map Reduce) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
EventBridge Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
* EventBridge Event Targets         CDK  
Glue Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
GlueDataBrew Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
IAM (Identity and Access Management) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
KMS (Key Management Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
Lambda Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
RDS (Relational Database Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
S3 (Simple Storage Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
* S3 API       CLI    
SFN (Step Functions) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
SNS (Simple Notification Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
* SNS Subscriptions         CDK  
SQS (Simple Queue Service) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
SSM (Simple Systems Manager) Docs Boto3 Moto CLI CDK CF
STS (Secure Token Service) Docs (IAM) Boto3 Moto CLI    
X-Ray Docs Boto3     CDK CF

Java

Tools

Git

Repostiory Operations  
Create a new repository with the specified name git init [project name]
Download a working copy of a repository locally git clone [url]
List all new or modified files to be committed git status
List the version history for the current branch git log [--graph] [--[short]stat]
List the version history for a given file (including renames) git log --follow [file]
Show the details of a given commit git show [commit]
Reset the working copy “HEAD” to the state at the given commit git reset [commit]
Reset the working copy “HEAD” to the given commit and discard the changes git reset --hard [commit]
Commit Operations  
Capture a copy of the file(s) in preparation for committing git add [file]
Discard changes that have been made to the working copy git restore [file]
Discard changes that have staged for commit, keep the working copy git restore --staged [file]
Delete the file from the working directory and stages the deletion git rm [file]
Remove the file from version control but preserves the working copy git rm --cached [file]
Move/Rename the file and stage the action git mv [source] [destination]
Show file differences not yet staged (local copy vs. repo) git diff [file]
Show file differences staged for commit (staged copy vs. local copy) git diff --staged [file
Add the staged changes permanently in version history git commit -m "[message]"
Upload commits from the local coopy to the server git push
Download changes from the server to the local copy of the current branch git pull
Download a copy of changes to the repository from the server git fetch
Stash Operations  
Store a temporary copy of all modified, tracked files git stash [push] [-m "message"]
Store a copy of all changed files (tracked, untracked, NOT ignored) git stash [push] -u [-m "message"]
Store a copy of all changed files (tracked, untracked, AND ignored) git stash [push] -a [-m "message"]
List all entries in the stash git stash list
Restore the most recent entry from the stash git stash pop
Discard the most recent entry from the stash git stash drop
Branch Operations  
List the local branches in the current repository git branch [-l]
List the remote branches in the current repository git branch -r
List the both local and remote branches in the current repository git branch -a
Create a new branch git branch [branch-name]
Delete the specified branch git branch -d [branch-name]
Switch to the specified branch and update the files in the working directory git checkout [branch-name]
Combine the history from the specified branch into the current branch git merge [branch]
Shows content differences between two branches git diff [first]...[second]
Maintenance  
Git Cleanup git gc
Stop showing changes on a tracked file. git update-index --assume-unchanged [<file> ...]
Resume showing changes on a tracked file. git update-index --no-assume-unchanged [<file> ...]
Prune local branches that don’t exist on the remote anymore git remote prune origin or git fetch --prune origin

Note: Feature branches that originated locally and were merged via a merge request won’t be automatically removed, but you can find these with git branch -vv. The remote will say “; gone”.

Git Flow Extension

Git Flow Operations  
Initialize Git Flow extensions git flow init [-d]
Create a Git Flow feature branch git flow feature start [feature-name]
Finish a Git Flow feature branch (merge the changes and delete the branch) git flow feature finish [feature-name]
Git Flow Workflows  
init Initialize a new git repo with support for the branching model.
feature Used to add new features to the code. Created from develop and merged to develop.
release Used to prepare a release from develop to be merged with master/main. Created from develop and merged to master/main and back to develop.
hotfix Used to quickly address necessary changes for the main branch. Created from master/main and merged back to master/main and to develop.

Git Cleanup

Git Cleanup runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository, such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase performance), removing unreachable objects which may have been created from prior invocations of git add, packing refs, pruning reflog, rerere metadata or stale working trees. May also update ancillary indexes such as the commit-graph.

HL7

Escape Sequences

Sequence Replacement  
\F\ | Field Separator (MSH-1)
\S\ ^ Subfield Separator MSH-2
\R\ ~ Repetition Separator MSH-2
\E\ \ Escape Character MSH-2
\T\ & Subcomponent Separator MSH-2
\.br\ \n Carriage Return (nonstandard?)
\X0D\ \n Carriage Return (Using \x##\ + Hex Character #)
\X0A\ \r Line Feed (Using \x##\ + Hex Character #)

JavaScript

Fundamental Objects

Linux

Output, Summarize, or Hash Files  
Write and concatenate files cat
Transform data into printable data base64
Output the first part of a file head
Output the last part of a file tail
Split a file into pieces split
Print newline, word, and byte counts wc
Print or check MD5 digests md5sum
Print or check SHA-1 digests sha1sum
Operating on File Contents/Sorting  
Sort text files sort
Shuffle text files shuf
Uniquify files uniq
Compare two sorted files by line comm
Join lines on a common field join
Print a line of text echo
Directory Listing and Operations  
List directory contents ls
Color setup for ls dircolors
Copy files and directories cp
Copy files and set attributes install
Convert and copy a file dd
Move or rename files or directories mv
Remove (delete) files or directories rm
Remove files more securely shred
Make links between files ln
Make a new directory mkdir
Print the value of a symlink or cannonical file name readlink
Remove an empty directory rmdir
Remove files via the unlink syscall unlink
Report file system space usage df
Estimate file space usage du
Report file or file system status stat
File Attribute Manipulation  
Change file owner and group chown
Change file group ownership chgrp
Change file access permissions chmod
Change file timestamp touch
File Name Manipulation  
Strip directory and suffix from a file name basename
Strip last file name component dirname
Check file name validity and portability pathchk
Print the resolved file name realpath
Working Context  
Print the current working directory pwd
Print all or some environment variables printenv
Run a command immune to hangups nohup
Send a signal to a process kill

Python

Guides

Core Python Documentation

The Python Standard Library

Built-in Functions

Built-in Constants

Built-in Exceptions

Built-in Types

Text Processing Services

  • string: Common string operations
  • re: Regular expression operations
  • difflib: Helpers for computing deltas
  • textwrap: Text wrapping and filling
  • unicodedata: Unicode Character Database
  • stringprep: Internet String Preparation

Binary Data Services

  • struct: Interpret bytes as packed binary data
  • codecs: Codec registry and base classes

Data Types

Numeric and Mathematical Modules

  • numbers: Numeric abstract base classes
  • math: Mathematical functions
  • cmath: Mathematical functions for complex numbers
  • decimal: Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic
  • fractions: Rational numbers
  • random: Generate pseudo-random numbers
  • statistics: Mathematical statistics functions

Functional Programming Modules

  • itertools: Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
  • functools: Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  • operator: Standard operators as functions

File and Directory Access

  • pathlib: Object-oriented filesystem paths
  • os.path: Common pathname manipulations
  • stat: Interpreting stat() results
  • filecmp: File and Directory Comparisons
  • tempfile: Generate temporary files and directories
  • glob: Unix style pathname pattern expansion
  • fnmatch: Unix filename pattern matching
  • linecache: Random access to text lines
  • shutil: High-level file operations

Data Persistence

  • pickle: Python object serialization
  • copyreg: Register pickle support functions
  • shelve: Python object persistence
  • marshal: Internal Python object serialization
  • sqlite3: DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases

Data Compression and Archiving

  • zlib: Compression compatible with gzip
  • gzip: Support for gzip files
  • bz2: Support for bzip2 compression
  • lzma: Compression using the LZMA algorithm
  • zipfile: Work with ZIP archives
  • tarfile: Read and write tar archive files

File Formats

Cryptographic Services

  • hashlib: Secure hashes and message digests
  • hmac: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
  • secrets: Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets

Generic Operating System Services

  • os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
  • io: Core tools for working with streams
  • time: Time access and conversions
  • logging: Logging facility for Python
  • logging.config: Logging configuration
  • logging.handlers: Logging handlers
  • platform: Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
  • errno: Standard errno system symbols
  • ctypes: A foreign function library for Python

Command Line Interface Libraries

  • argparse: Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommands
  • optparse: Parser for command line options
  • getpass: Portable password input
  • fileinput: Iterate over lines from multiple input streams

Concurrent Execution

Networking and Interprocess Communication

  • asyncio: Asynchronous I/O
  • socket: Low-level networking interface
  • ssl: TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects

Internet Data Handling

  • email: An email and MIME handling package
  • json: JSON encoder and decoder
  • mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
  • mimetypes: Map filenames to MIME types
  • base64: Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings
  • binascii: Convert between binary and ASCII
  • quopri: Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data

Structured Markup Processing Tools

Internet Protocols and Support

Multimedia Services

Internationalization

Program Frameworks

  • cmd: Support for line-oriented command interpreters
  • shlex: Simple lexical analysis

Graphical User Interfaces with Tk

Development Tools

  • typing: Support for type hints
  • pydoc: Documentation generator and online help system

Debugging and Profiling

Software Packaging and Distribution

  • ensurepip: Bootstrapping the pip installer
  • venv: Creation of virtual environments
  • zipapp: Manage executable Python zip archives

Python Runtime Services

  • sys: System-specific parameters and functions
  • sys.monitoring: Execution event monitoring
  • sysconfig: Provide access to Python’s configuration information
  • builtins: Built-in objects
  • main: Top-level code environment
  • warnings: Warning control
  • dataclasses: Data Classes
  • contextlib: Utilities for with-statement contexts
  • abc: Abstract Base Classes
  • atexit: Exit handlers
  • traceback: Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • future: Future statement definitions
  • gc: Garbage Collector interface
  • inspect: Inspect live objects
  • site: Site-specific configuration hook

Custom Python Interpreters

Importing Modules

Python Language Services

MS Windows Specific Services

Unix Specific Services

Modules command-line interface (CLI)

Environment/Dependency Management

Testing and Code Analysis Tools

Templating

Data Frames

3rd Party Libraries

Misc

Regular Expressions

Metacharacters that must be escaped: ^ [ . $ { * ( ) \ + | ? < >

Anchors  
^ start of line
$ end of line
\A start of string
\Z end of string
\b word boundary
\B not word boundary
\< start of word ⚠️
\> end of word ⚠️
Quantifiers  
* 0 or more
*? 0 or more, ungreedy
+ 1 or more
+? 1 or more, ungreedy
? 0 or 1
?? 0 or 1, ungreedy
{#} Exacty # (e.g., {3} = exactly 3)
{#,} # or more (e.g., {3,} = 3 or more)
{#,}? # or more, ungreedy
{#,#} # to # matches, inclusive (e.g., {3,5} = 3, 4, or 5)
{#,#}? # to # matches, inclusive and ungreedy
Ranges  
. any character, typically excluding newline/linefeed
| or (e.g., a | b matches a or b)
() capturing group (e.g., Date: (\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))
(?:) non-capturing/passive group (e.g., (?:this|that))
[] characer range
[^] negative characer range
Character Class  
\c control character (e.g., ASCII 0-31 & 127), same as POSIX [:word:]
\s white space (e.g., [\t\n\f\r ] tab, newline, form feed, carriage returm, space)
\S not white space
\d digit (e.g., [0-9])
\D not digit
\w word (e.g., [A-Za-z0-9_])
\W not word
Escape Sequences  
\\ literal backslash `
\t tab
\n newline/linefeed
\r carriage return
\f form feed
\a alarm/bell
\xhh hexadecimal character hh
\xxx \oxxx \Oxxx octal character xxx
\Q quote (disable pattern metacharacters)
\E end quote (re-enable pattern metacharacters)
POSIX Character Class  
[:upper:] any uppercase character (e.g., [A-Z])
[:lower:] any lowercase character (e.g., [a-z])
[:alpha:] any alphabetical character (e.g., [A-Za-z])
[:alnum:] any alphanumeric character (e.g., [A-Za-z0-9])
[:digit:] any decimal digit (e.g., [0-9])
[:xdigit:] any hexadecimal digit (e.g., [0-9a-fA-F])
[:punct:] any graphical character excluding “word” chartacters (e.g., [-!"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{\|}~])
[:blank:] any horizontal whitespace character (e.g., space or tab \t)
[:space:] any whitespace character, similar to \s\ but also includes vertical tab \X0B / \013
[:cntrl:] any control character (ASCII 0-31 & 127), same as \c
[:graph:] any character that is graphical, that is, visible. This class consists of all alphanumeric characters and all punctuation characters
[:print:] all printable characters, which is the set of all graphical characters plus those whitespace characters which are not also controls.
[:word:] any “word” character (e.g., [A-Za-z0-9_]), same as \w
Backreferences ⚠️  
$n or \n nth capturing group
$` before matched string
$' after matched string
$+ last matched string
$& entire matched string
$_ entire input string
$$ literal dollar sign $

⚠️ Not universally supported

Time Zones

P M C E
10 11 12 1
11 12 1 2
12 1 2 3
1 2 3 4
2 3 4 5
3 4 5 6
4 5 6 7
5 6 7 8
6 7 8 9
7 8 9 10
8 9 10 11
9 10 11 12